Community Response
Community Response Network
Objectives:
Community Response Network
(CRN 101) is a simple course designed to give a student a basic understanding
of disaster management and how government systems work in general
The objective of CRN 101
course is to educate and create awareness about various government systems
involved in the mitigation of disaster management. It covers a brief
introduction to various government systems and how these systems coordinate
together at times of disasters.
COMMUNITY RESPONSE NETWORK
THE LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT
The 3-tier panchayat system
Rural area
The ward members from various
Wards report to a Panchayat Committee. The Panchayat committee also has
appointed members along with the elected members. The Panchayat Committee has a
President (Elected Member) and Secretary (government appointed member) and
various standing committees (e.g.: Standing Committee on health, welfare,
finance).
Urban areas
The Municipalities (Municipals Councils/Nagar Palinka /Nagar Palinka Parishad) and Corporations (Municipal Corporations) are the local government in India that administer urban areas with a population of more than 25 thousand and more than 10 lakhs respectively. Some states in India have City Councils (Nagar-Panchayat) as an additional division. The area administered by a municipality or corporation is divided into territorial constituencies known as wards. Members are elected to the wards committee on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years. These members are known as councilors. The number of wards is determined by the population of the city.
HEALTH SYSTEM
The public-health care system
in India is based on a three-tiered health-care system to provide preventive
and curative health care in rural and urban areas. It consists of sub-centers,
primary health centers and community health centers.
REVENUE SYSTEM
In pre-independent India,
there was one person who was in charge of collecting tax revenues from the
public. This person was the “Collector” in the “Revenue” Department. The
District Collector heads the revenue system within a district in addition to
many other administrative responsibilities including that of the District
Magistrate.
LAW ENFORCEMENT
The constitution of India
delegates the maintenance of law and order primarily to the states and
territories. All senior officers in the state police forces and federal
agencies are members of the Indian Police Service (IPS). They are appointed by
the Cabinet from the Indian Police Service. Further down the hierarchy are the
officers of the rank of Inspector General of Police. The districts are headed
by District Police Chiefs who are usually in the rank of Superintendent of
Police. There are exceptions in the police districts of Thiruvananthapuram city
and Kochi city where the heads are of the rank of Inspector General of Police
and the police district of Kozhikode which is headed by an officer of the rank
of Deputy Inspector General of Police.
COORDINATION OF THESE SYSTEMS
IN DIFFERENT LEVELS
The municipalities and corporations are also divided into Divisions. A division is bigger than a ward with almost 10 times the population. Each division again has a Rapid Response Team (RRT) with a Counsellor (instead of a ward member), ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) worker (usually more than 1, depending on the population) Anganwadi Worker and Area Development Society (ADS) by Columbate. Refer the link for more information - https://youtu.be/a2F2eizJbJ0
Response to covid 19
How does the government system
deal with Coronavirus spread within a Ward? (Management of suspects) The Corona
Virus has not just affected our health as a population but has also managed to
alter the behavior of our whole community. It is important to learn how the
community has evolved to deal with the Corona Virus. While public gatherings
are restricted, travelling is also discouraged.
Treatment of a covid-19
patient
First Principle: Separating
COVID and Non COVID by creating a parallel COVID Healthcare System &
utilizing existing Healthcare system for Non COVID patients A clear demarcation
between a non-COVID Patient and a COVID Patient has to be made.
Second Principle: Decentralization
of the existing system to the panchayat and ward level We cannot build
hospitals overnight and thus have to protect the existing healthcare system
from crashing due to an overload of patients. This is done by decentralizing
the treatment through a three-tier system under the direct supervision of the
district administration. Activation of three tier covid health care system
Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological
preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious
disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing
microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe,
its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's
immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further
recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that
it may encounter in the future.
COVID-19: ORIGIN AND HOW IT
BECAME A PANDEMIC
Coronaviruses. Coronaviruses
are known to cause infections in both humans and animals. Coronavirus
infections range from common cold to severe respiratory or lung infection.
COVID-19 is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus strain. SARS-CoV2 was unknown before the
outbreak that started in Wuhan, China in December 2019
How does COVID-19 infection spread?
The infection usually spreads
from an infected person to normal individuals. Droplets or aerosols from the
nose and mouth of infected persons generated while coughing, sneezing or
speaking are the primary route of spread. These heavy droplets generally tend
to sink to the ground quickly but when in close proximity of 1 meter or less, a
person can breathe in these droplets and acquire infection.
Similarly touching droplets
resting on surfaces of doorknobs, tables, handrails followed by touching or
rubbing eyes, nose or mouth can result in acquiring the infection. A visual
guide to how the virus works is given in reference for additional reading.
Our Immediate future with COVID-19.
The first step forward is to
create a good public awareness regarding COVID-19, safety precautions to be
followed, existing facilities that can be utilized and the proposed plan of
action for the future. A community-based approach is essential to fight the
impacts of this pandemic as its tentacles have gripped various segments of our
daily life including healthcare, economy, education, secure employment, supply
of essential requirements etc. Every individual will have a role in rebuilding
or reinventing methods to revive various sectors/segments of the community. It
is time that the citizen, especially the youth step up and partake more in this
fight against the virus.
Systems of disaster management
In the event of any disaster,
the decision-making authority must be as decentralized as possible, in order to
ensure quick communication and better understanding of the field conditions.
Urban areas are divided into Corporations/Municipalities/Panchayats and further
divided into divisions. The rural areas are divided into Blocks, Panchayats and
Wards.
Every ward has a Ward Level
Team. The official members of this team are:
Ward Member who is an elected
representative from the public. ASHA Worker (Accredited Social Health Activist)
is a community health worker who is trained by the H Urban
areas are divided into Corporations/Municipalities/Panchayats and further
divided into divisions. The rural areas are divided into Blocks, Panchayats and
Wards. Every ward has a Ward Level Team.
The official members of this team are:
Ward Member who is an elected representative from the public. ASHA Worker (Accredited Social Health Activist) is a community health worker who is trained by the Health Department and nominated by the Local Self Government Department (LSGD). health Department and nominated by the Local Self Government Department (LSGD).
WARNING SYSTEM
Initially, Emergency time
functions are activated by SEOC and DEOC. All necessary forces are
pre-positioned as per the direction of the state incident commander. The
defense wing along with the central force is ready to move into any location in
the state.
RAINFALL
Several states in India
witness very heavy rainfall during the months from June to September. Most
vigil actions are to be taken and sustained till warning is withdrawn, in the
districts predicted to be affected by the rainfall. And we are informed to
refer to sources - orange book of Disaster Management, Kerala state disaster
management plan,2016, Training Module Incident Response System Basic & Intermediate
(NIDM)
LANDSLIDES
Landslides are caused by rain,
earthquakes or other factors that make the slope unstable. They are of four
types - fall and toppling, slides (rotational and translational), flows and creep.
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) issues 'Very Heavy Rainfall Warning'
when two days of cumulative rainfall exceeds 8 cm in a rain station, landslide
warning is issued to the respective districts.
FLOOD
Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. Several states have been affected over the years by heavy floods. Recent examples include 2015 Gujarat floods and 2018-19 Kerala floods. If each one of us is better involved in the process of preparedness, creation of awareness and the working of skilled emergency response teams, we can reduce loss of life and minimize human suffering.
Initially, Emergency time
functions are activated by SEOC and DEOC. All necessary forces are
pre-positioned as per the direction of the state incident commander. And the defense
wing along with the central force is ready to move into any location in the
state.
MAN MADE DISASTERS
Disasters that are caused by
human beings are called man-made disasters. Examples are nuclear bombs,
transportation accidents etc. The most serious threats occur due to nuclear,
biological and chemical warfare which are collectively known as WMD or Weapons
of Mass Destruction. Emergency Response Vehicles of Oil Companies are under the
control of State Emergency Operations Centre. And we are informed to refer to
the following sources - orange book of Disaster Management, Kerala state
disaster management plan,2016, Training Module Incident Response System Basic
& Intermediate (NIDM) Sources.
RELIED CAMPS INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Setting up and managing camps is one of the most challenging tasks when a disaster occurs. They are indispensable and require proper planning and execution. The process is dynamic in nature. The camps need to be constructed such that the physical, emotional, cultural and social well-being of the camp inhabitants are ensured. Relief camps are usually considered temporary, with an aim to provide basic necessities in an efficient manner. The site of construction, climatic changes etc. will affect the stability and maintenance of the camps. In this level, we look at the general guidelines of constructing a camp during a disaster as well as the setting up of an FLTC
Setting up a FLTC: -
The following steps must be
followed to set up the physical infrastructure required to create an FLTC: Demarcate
the isolation area as per the facility layout. Identify separate entry and exit
points for patients and staff. Place the furniture and fittings as per the
facility layout. Set up enclosed Doffing and Donning areas
Steps:
•Identifying a suitable
building
•Procurement of goods
•Setting up of Doffing &
donning areas
•Creating partition and laying
of beds
•Prepping of washrooms,
drinking water facility, recreational area
•Setting up of the nursing
station
•Demarking and sealing
isolation area
•Setting up of administrative
area
•Identifying the staff and
training them
What is first line treatment center?
A
First-Line Treatment Center (FLTC) is a facility where the most mildly symptomatic
or asymptomatic COVID patients are treated. 70-80% of COVID patients are
asymptomatic and only exhibit mild symptoms.
First line treatment center
Contributions from Individuals/Groups:
HOW CAN YOU CONTRIBUTE?
"How can an individual contribute to the society or
community?" is a question that can be best answered by oneself. You can
contribute in three ways.
•Cooperate •Communicate
•Contribute
How can you supplement the efforts of the government??
Students may choose to research on the impact of the
Project in their panchayat. The impact is of two-fold. Firstly, the aspect of
poverty alleviation. Find ways by which the quality of work done through the
scheme may be increased so that the whole community may benefit from it.
Employment Guarantee: This has been one of the flagship
schemes and includes programs under NREGA
CARE SYSTEM
This course tells you all
about 'CARE', an open-source tool used for pandemic management. There is a task
on the last level of the course which will be used to assess your performance
What is care
CARE
is a comprehensive capacity and patient management tool, built specifically for
disaster management purposes. It is a web-based application hosted at
https://gdc.coronasafe.network It has dedicated features for COVID testing,
inventory management, teleconsultation, etc. It keeps the digital record of a
patient's health and enables treatment across different healthcare facilities.
CARE
IS OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE WITH AN MIT LICENSE.
Open-Source
Software: The entire codebase of this application is available to
the public. The software that forms CARE is developed on an online portal
called GitHub that hosts open-source software so that engineers from all across
the world may view the codebase of the software and contribute towards the
development of the same.
MIT License: This is a license that explicitly allows anyone to use the code-base of the software in whatever way they deem fit.
CAPACITY
MANAGEMENT FACILITY
Capacity
Management: CARE system is a platform that makes available real-time
data of all subsets within the healthcare system of any identified location.
This makes the management of assets within a hospital easier at the same time
empowering the administrators and decision-makers to make better-informed
decisions.
How to register?
Steps to log-in
Go to
https://gdc.coronasafe.network on your browser. (The preferred browser is
Google Chrome) Type in the username and password generated and given to you by
the administrator. Click on Log-in
Steps to create a new facility
·
After log-in, click on "Create new facility”.
Fill out the form. You will see the following fields
·
Facility Type- Choose from the various types of
facilities from the drop-down menu.
·
Facility Name- Name of your facility in
full
·
State
·
Locale
Body- Locale body within which the facility is located in
·
Address-
Full and correct address of the facility
·
Emergency Contact Number- phone number of the
Nodal person for the facility
·
Oxygen
Capacity in liters- If your facility has oxygen storage, mention the capacity
in liters. If your facility has no capacity for oxygen storage, leave this
field blank.
·
Location- you may pin the exact location of
your facility using the "Pin tool" in the center. The Latitude and
Longitude of the facility then automatically appear in the field
· Click on "Save Facility" You will see a notification on the top right corner of the screen confirming that the new facility has been created.
·
To edit your facility details, you can log-in,
enter the Facility Dashboard by clicking "View Facility". Here, on
the top right corner, you can see the option to "Update Facility
Details".
STEPS TO ENTER BED TYPES/ROOMS
·
Log-in
to https://gdc.coronasafe.network using your username and password. Click on
the "view facility" option.
·
Click
on the third option on the top right corner of the screen that reads "Add
More Bed Types"
STEPS TO ADD THE NUMBER OF DOCTORS WORKING IN THE FACILITY
·
Log
into https://gdc.coronasafe.network
·
Log-in
using your username and password.
·
Click
on "View Facility" on the Facility card already created
· On the bottom right side of the page, the option to "Add more Doctor Types" is visible. Click on it. You will be redirected to a form. This is the same page you will be redirected to after creating a facility.
RECORDING THE CONSULTATION
Steps to Upload File on Consultation
·
Log
into https://gdc.coronasafe.network
·
Log
in using your username and password.
·
Click
on the 'Patients' tab, on the left.
·
Click
on the Patient's name.
·
Scroll
down, in the consultation history section, on the consultation card, click on
the 'view/upload consultation files' button.
·
Under
New File, click on the 'Choose file' button and select your file to be
uploaded.
·
In
the File name column, specify the file name.
·
Click
on the 'Upload' button, to upload the file.
·
On
the Top right, you will get a notification on successful upload.
·
To
view the uploaded file:
·
On
the left, click on the 'Patient' tab, scroll down the page, Under Consultation
history, click on the 'view/upload consultation files' button. Under the view
consultation files, you will find the uploaded file. -OR-
·
On
the left, click on the 'Patient' tab, scroll down the page, Under Consultation
history, click on the 'View Consultation/Consultation Updates' button. Scroll
down the page, you will find the uploaded file.
Steps to Upload Audio File on Consultation
·
Log
into https://gdc.coronasafe.network
·
Log
in using your username and password.
·
Click
on the 'Patients' tab, on the left.
·
Click
on the Patient's name.
·
Scroll
down, in the consultation history section, on the consultation card, click on
the 'view/upload consultation files' button.
·
Click
on "Record" button to start the recording and click on
"Stop" button once recoding is completed.
·
Click
on "Save Recording" to upload the audio file to consultation.
Steps to Upload Audio File on Consultation
·
Log
into https://gdc.coronasafe.network
·
Log
in using your username and password.
·
Click
on the 'Patients' tab, on the left.
·
Click
on the Patient's name.
·
Scroll
down, in the consultation history section, on the consultation card, click on
the 'view/upload consultation files' button.
·
Click
on "Record" button to start the recording and click on
"Stop" button once recoding is completed.
·
Click
on "Save Recording" to upload the audio file to consultation.
Steps to Upload File on Consultation
·
Log
into https://gdc.coronasafe.network
·
Log
in using your username and password.
·
Click
on the 'Patients' tab, on the left.
·
Click
on the Patient's name.
·
Scroll
down, in the consultation history section, on the consultation card, click on
the 'view/upload consultation files' button.
·
Under
New File, click on the 'Choose file' button and select your file to be
uploaded.
·
In
the File name column, specify the file name.
·
Click
on the 'Upload' button, to upload the file.
·
On
the Top right, you will get a notification on successful upload.
·
To
view the uploaded file:
·
On
the left, click on the 'Patient' tab, scroll down the page, Under Consultation
history, click on the 'view/upload consultation files' button. Under the view
consultation files, you will find the uploaded file. -OR-
· On the left, click on the 'Patient' tab, scroll down the page, Under Consultation history, click on the 'View Consultation/Consultation Updates' button. Scroll down the page, you will find the uploaded.
STEPS ON PROCESSING A SHIFT
·
Log
into https://gdc.coronasafe.network
·
Log-in
using your username and password.
·
On
the Left, click on the "Shifting" tab to see all the shifting
requests.
·
Input
the Name on the Top, to process a particular patient.
·
Click
on the "All detail" button to see the patient card detail
·
Click
on the "Update Status Detail" button, select the status of the shift
and update it.
·
Click
on the "Submit" and a notification popup in the top right corner when
the status is changed successfully.
·
As
the shifting passes through the different stages of shift as explained
previously, open the card again and click on the "Update Status
detail" button, to update the status, and click on the 'submit ' button to
save the data.
·
Repeat
this Step till the patient shifting is completed.
Step to Receive Shifted Patient to a Facility
·
Log
into https://gdc.coronasafe.network
·
Log-in
using your username and password.
·
On
the left, click on the 'Shift' tab.
·
If
you want to filter the card, click on the filter, input the Facility name under
the 'Assigned Facility'.
·
Look
out for cards under the "Transfer in progress" list in the shifting
tab.
·
Click
on "Transfer to Receiving Facility" to import the patient card to
your facility.
· Then the status of the shift automatically transferred to complete status.
Discharging the patient
·
click
on the 'Patient' Tab and Identify the patient you want to discharge.
·
Click
on the name of the patient to get all the details.
·
Scroll
down, and click on the 'Consultation Update'
·
Add
all the consultation details and checkmark 'Recommend Discharge'.
·
Click
on the 'Save Consultation Update' button to save it.
·
Scroll
down the page, on right, click on the 'Discharge from care' button and a pop-up
window will be shown.
·
Fill
out the question in the pop-up window and click on the "Proceed to
Discharge" button.
·
You
have now successfully discharged the patient.
·
To view all discharged patients
from your facility, click on the 'Patient' tab on the left, click on the
Discharge tab on the right and you will have a list of all discharged patients
Steps to generate death report:
· Log-in using your username and
password.
· Click on "Patient" tab.
· Go the patient card.
· On the top right corner, click on
"Death Report"
· Fill in the required details
including cause of death. Please refer to the image below for further details.
· Click on "Preview" to view
and verify the details that you have entered.
·
Click on "Print Death
Report" to save the document.
Steps to edit stock in inventory into the inventory
management system of CARE:
·
Log-in
using your username and password.
·
Click
on view Facility to see your facility dashboard.
·
On
the right side of the page, there is an option that reads as "Inventory
Management". Click on the same.
·
Click
on "Add Inventory" on the top left corner.
·
Under
the Inventory name, choose the Item that you wish to add or subtract from the
inventory.
·
Under
"Status", choose whether you wish to "add stock"(in case of
purchase) or "use stock"(in case of usage).
·
Mention
the quantity of the item and the units.
·
Click
on "Add inventory to save this information"
· Inventory Summary page shows a list of all the items in your inventory and their quantities. Click on each of these items in the inventory list to see the log of all purchases and usages of that particular item.
CAPACITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT LEVEL
make informed decisions with real-time and accurate data.
Backing or supporting their decision at any point by concrete evidence of real
scenario of the field predicting and preparing for contingencies based on the
trend of demand or load on the healthcare system. This helps with preparedness.
The public may act more responsibly since they have evidence to the fact that
their health system is under immense load the public can expect more
accountability from the administrators because of increased transparency
CAPACITY MANAGEMENT:
NOTICE LEVEL
Steps to
send messages to facility
· Click on “Facilities” tab
· Identify the facility and click on
the “Notify” button.ss
·
Type the message on the pop-up
window and click “Send Notification”.
Very useful
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